Cross-Border Transmission Line Configuration Influence on the Electrical Power and Energy Billing Process

In 2015 a connection between the Polish and Lithuanian power systems become fully operational. The connection consists of a 400 kV double circuit transmission line and a back-to-back HVDC substation located on the Lithuanian side. A magnetic couplings between the circuits of the transmission line cause that during power transmission a different values of active power losses are observed in both circuits. This situation may cause a financial settlement problems for transmitted energy between the operators of the connected systems.