Bias Analysis of AOA-Based Geolocation

In this paper, geolocation of target with known altitude on the surface of the Earth using angle of arrival (AOA) measurement, which was obtained by the passive sensors mounted on the satellite. The nonlinearity of the geolocation problem leads to bias of target location estimate. The geolocation bias is derived analytically under Gaussian AOA noise distribution. Simulations show the validity of the theoretical developments under moderate measurement noise levels.