A Research on the Effect of Smartphone Use, Student Engagement and Self-Directed Learning on Individual Impact: China Empirical Study

The smartphone makes opportunities to extend teaching and learning locations from traditional classrooms to almost anywhere. This study examines the interrelation among smartphone use, student engagement, self-directed learning and individual impact of phone users. This study proposes a theoretical model integrating the technology acceptance model and D&M IS Success Model. The model is empirically validated through a quantitative method of structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that (1) smartphone use and self-directed learning have significant positive effects on individual impact, (2) smartphone use and student engagement have significant positive effects on SDL, and (3) smartphone use has a significant positive effect on student engagement.