[Journal First] Studying the Dialogue Between Users and Developers of Free Apps in the Google Play Store

The popularity of mobile apps continues to grow over the past few years. Mobile app stores, such as the Google Play Store and Apple's App Store provide a unique user feedback mechanism to app developers through app reviews. In the Google Play Store (and most recently in the Apple App Store), developers are able to respond to such user feedback. Over the past years, mobile app reviews have been studied excessively by researchers. However, much of prior work (including our own prior work) incorrectly assumes that reviews are static in nature and that users never update their reviews. In a recent study, we started analyzing the dynamic nature of the review-response mechanism. Our previous study showed that responding to a review often has a positive effect on the rating that is given by the user to an app. In this paper [1], we revisit our prior finding in more depth by studying 4.5 million reviews with 126,686 responses of 2,328 top free-to-download apps in the Google Play Store. One of the major findings of our paper is that the assumption that reviews are static is incorrect. In particular, we find that developers and users in some cases use this response mechanism as a rudimentary user support tool, where dialogues emerge between users and developers through updated reviews and responses. Even though the messages are often simple, we find instances of as many as ten user-developer back-and-forth messages that occur via the response mechanism. Using a mixed-effect model, we identify that the likelihood of a developer responding to a review increases as the review rating gets lower or as the review content gets longer. In addition, we identify four patterns of developers: 1) developers who primarily respond to only negative reviews, 2) developers who primarily respond to negative reviews or to reviews based on their content, 3) developers who primarily respond to reviews which are posted shortly after the latest release of their app, and 4) developers who primarily respond to reviews which are posted long after the latest release of their app. We perform a qualitative analysis of developer responses to understand what drives developers to respond to a review. We manually analyzed a statistically representative random sample of 347 reviews with responses of the top ten apps with the highest number of developer responses. We identify seven drivers that make a developer respond to a review, of which the most important ones are to thank the users for using the app and to ask the user for more details about the reported issue. Our findings show that it can be worthwhile for app owners to respond to reviews, as responding may lead to an increase in the given rating. In addition, our findings show that studying the dialogue between users and developers provides valuable insights that can lead to improvements in the app store and the user support process. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Our paper is the first work to demonstrate the dynamic nature of reviews. (2) Furthermore, we are the first to demonstrate a peculiar use of the app-review platforms as a user support medium. (3) In addition, our work is the first work to deeply explore developer responses in a systematic manner. (4) Finally, our classification of developer-responses highlights the value of providing canned or even automated responses in next generation app-review platforms. The full paper is published in the Empirical So ware Engineering journal, and can be found at: https:// link.springer.com/ article/ 10.1007/ s10664-017-9538-9 Please cite the following paper: Hassan S, Tantithamthavorn C, Bezemer CP, Hassan AE (2017) Studying the dialogue between users and developers of free apps in the Google Play Store. Empirical Software Engineering pp 1–38