A Two-Step Distribution System State Estimator with Grid Constraints and Mixed Measurements

In this paper we consider the problem of State Estimation (SE) in large-scale, 3-phase coupled, unbalanced distribution systems. More specifically, we address the problem of including mixed real-time measurements, synchronized and unsynchronized, from phasor measurement units and smart meters, into existing SE solutions. We propose a computationally efficient two-step method to update a prior solution using the measurements, while taking into account physical constraints caused by zero-injection buses. We test the method on a benchmark test feeder and show the effectiveness of the approach.