Efficient and stable perovskite-based optoelectronic devices

We show that the introduction of benzoquinone (BQ) into an organic-inorganic perovskite film greatly enhances both power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. The morphology and crystal quality of the perovskite films were improved because intermolecular interaction between methylammonium iodide and BQ slowed the rate of perovskite crystal formation. Further, electron transfer from perovskite to BQ reduces charge recombination losses, and the oxidizing ability of BQ effectively suppresses the formation of metallic lead, a source of carrier traps, under continuous solar irradiation. Through BQ addition, the conversion efficiency was enhanced from 10.7% to 15.6% and lifetime extended about twenty-six times.