Universal Model for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Transformers

This work reports on an universal lumped element model for integrated millimeter-wave (mmWave) transformers which is valid up to 100 GHz. The presented 2-π architecture covers the calculation of planar and stacked transformer topologies as well as higher winding ratios and different geometries. All model components depend both on the transformer dimensions and technological parameters. A verification by electromagnetic field simulations in a 65 nm CMOS process results in a close agreement to the calculated S-parameter set.