System Integration: Challenges and Opportunities for Rail Transport

The challenges on the right-side of “the V model” are often more than its left-side for Systems Engineers. And so are the challenges of assembly of products comparing to taking them apart, integration of systems comparing to their decomposition, or testing systems comparing to their analysis. For System of Systems, this is even more confronting because a complete definition of system is not always available or often only a part of the system is changing. Referring to real-cases, this paper highlights the problem and suggests basis for integration primarily for rail transport.