A Survey of Cognitive Architectures in the Past 20 Years

Building autonomous systems that achieve human level intelligence is one of the primary objectives in artificial intelligence (AI). It requires the study of a wide range of functions robustly across different phases of human cognition. This paper presents a review of agent cognitive architectures in the past 20 year's AI research. Different from software structures and simulation environments, most of the architectures concerned are established from mathematics and philosophy. They are categorized according to their knowledge processing patterns-symbolic, emergent or hybrid. All the relevant literature can be accessed publicly, particularly through the Internet. Available websites are also summarized for further reference.