Radar Cross-Section of Sport Balls in 0.8–40-GHz Range

In this paper, electromagnetic study and measurement results of the radar cross-section (RCS) of typical sport balls, such as volleyball, football, and basketball, in a 0.8-40-GHz range are presented. Experiments are undertaken using two portable measurement setups covering the range of 0.8-18 and 18-40 GHz. The origin of specific features of the obtained RCS spectra is, subsequently, identified with the aid of rigorous electromagnetic simulations. The obtained results can be very useful in a design of the radar system for detection and tracking of balls in different sport games.