Strategies for Growing Perovskite Films on Nanostructured TiO2 for High Performance Solar Cell

The TiO
₂
nanorod array (TiO
₂
-NA) acting as electron transport layer (ETL) is incorporated with the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The composition of perovskite is carefully optimized to achieve uniform films on the nanostructured ETL. The concentration of chlorine (Cl) has huge impact on the morphology of the perovskite layer deposited on TiO
₂
-NA. Meanwhile, the incorporation of TiO
₂
-NA enhances the extraction efficiency of the carrier due to the increased charge extraction area in the solar cell devices.