A Wide-Angle Time-Domain Electronically Scanned Array Based on Energy-Pattern- Reconfigurable Elements

A wideband wide-angle electronically scanned array with energy-pattern-reconfigurable elements is proposed, and the time-domain characteristics of the array are studied. An energy-pattern-reconfigurable antenna is designed as the array element. The element uses two p-i-n diodes to control the antenna working at three different modes, and the beamwidth of the energy pattern can jointly cover ±70° under three modes. A 1 × 8 linear array is designed based on the reconfigurable element. The scanning space is divided into three subspaces, each subspace matching with one of the three reconfigurable states. By adding time delay, the array can scan its main lobe of the energy pattern from -70° to +70° with a gain fluctuation less than 3.5 dB. The measured fidelities are larger than 0.75 on the main lobe direction during scanning.