Comprehensive dimension scaling of multi-band antennas for operating frequencies and substrate parameters

In this paper, low-cost and comprehensive re-design of multi-band antennas with respect to the operating frequencies and material parameters of the substrate is presented. Our approach exploits an inverse surrogate model identified based on a set of reference designs optimized at the level of coarse-discretization EM simulations of the antenna at hand. An iterative correction procedure is also implemented to account for the initial scaling errors (being a result of limited accuracy of the inverse model). The cost of the antenna re-design corresponds to a few high-fidelity EM simulations of the structure. Our considerations are illustrated using a dual-band patch antenna scaled w.r.t. both operating frequencies in the ranges of 1.5 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 5.0 GHz to 6.0 GHz, respectively, as well as the relative permittivity and thickness of the dielectric substrate (within the ranges of 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm, and 2.5 to 3.5, respectively). Several verification cases are provided to confirm correctness of the scaling procedure.