A fuel cell vehicle thermal system model

Effective and efficient cooling is essential for the operation of fuel cells as well as batteries. Fuel cells and batteries must be operated in a narrow temperature range for optimal operation and minimal degradation. To promote the development of thermal management systems, this paper presents a mathematical model of the thermal system of a hybrid fuel cell electric vehicle. The model consists of all major heat sources and heat sinks including the drivetrain components, pumps, valves, fluid mixers, heat exchangers and the passenger compartment. The resulting model consists of 27 states while respecting all ten actuators.