Under-frequency load shedding in the European interconnection system: A multi-country model for UFLS analyzation under the impact of renewables

This paper focuses on different power system threats with resulting critical situations. Thereupon, the challenge of increasing renewable energy sources and its impact on the frequency response as well as on under-frequency load shedding, is analyzed. Under consideration of ENTSO-E guidelines a multi-country under-frequency load shedding model was developed to carry out these investigations. Furthermore, this paper focuses on different case studies for critical situations with high frequency drop. Main aspects in the case studies are system inertia, primary control and under-frequency load shedding schemes with respect to renewable generation.