Extending the range of electric scooters from fixed-point battery stations by using a dynamic battery swapping mobile application

This paper presents a conceptual framework that integrates the concepts of mobile computing and service design to provide an energy facility for electric scooters equipped with two batteries. The proposed framework utilizes the concept of roadside assistance to extend the range of scooters further from fixed-point battery swapping stations. A prototype mobile application was developed that connects a user, depending on their circumstances, to rescue or to be rescued by swapping one of their batteries for a battery from another user.