System Restoration Readiness: The Evolution in North America

Twenty-five years ago, J.D. Willson was the control center manager with one of the United States's largest utilities-the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland Interconnection (PJM)-and also served as chair of the IEEE Power System Restoration Training Task Force. M.E. Long was a training manager at Pepco and chair of the IEEE Working Group on Operator Training (WGOT). PJM was a pioneer in studying ways in which utilities could interconnect their power systems to increase reliability while reducing overall costs and also led efforts to improve system operator training.