Spiked biopotential electrodes

We describe the microfabrication, packaging and testing of a dry biopotential electrode (i.e. electrolytic gel is not required), The electrode consists of an array of micro-dimensioned, very sharp spikes (i.e. needles) designed for penetration of human skin which circumvents high impedance problems associated with layers of the outer skin. Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology was used to fabricate the spikes. The main advantages of these electrodes include a fast and uncomplicated application procedure, low electrode-skin-electrode impedance (lower than standard electrodes), and comfortable use. The spiked electrode offers a promising alternative to standard electrodes in biomedical applications (i.e. monitoring EEG signals) and is of interest in research of new biomedical methods.