AC source vs DC source: Charging efficiency in battery storage systems for residential houses

Demand of Battery Storage System (BSS) in power engineering applications has been increasing extensively in past few decades specially because of the emerging new concepts such as DC-micro grid, Hybrid grids, renewable energy systems, electric vehicle etc. Particularly, in the developing countries, more attention has been paid towards the battery storage systems to maintain sustainable power systems while eliminating low power quality issues. The purpose of this research is to compare the efficiencies of AC and DC sources for the BSS charging and discharging in same experimental setup to achieve in a reasonable ground. Moreover, it covers the impact of charging efficiency of DC power source compared to the AC power source through measurement and estimation at residential level in City of Karachi, Pakistan. Alongside with study, the impact on carbon footprint has also been analyzed.