Design and comparison of two types of antennas for SAR calculation in wireless applications

Square patch antenna (SPA) and half-wave dipole antenna are widely used in wireless applications, for instance, mobile phones, wireless routers, GPS devices, etc. However, these devices are considered to be the main source of electromagnetic (EM) radiation which penetrates the tissues of human body and might cause a health effects. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is the measure of the allowable level of EM radiation to be produced by communication antenna in wireless devices. In this paper, SPA and half-wave dipole antennas are used to address the SAR level. The antennas are designed and simulated at 1.575GHz, 1.8GHz and 2.4 GHz then evaluated using CST Microwave studio 2014. SAR values are calculated over 1gm and 10gm mass of tissues, according to the IEEE and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) standards for head safety. The results show that the SAR values; which affect adult human head tissues; obtained by SPA is less than the values obtained by the dipole antenna. Additionally, The SAR values achieved at the three frequency bands according to (ICNIRP) and (IEEE) standards are compared.