Management of time-flexible demand to provide power system frequency response

In order to move towards a low carbon city, integration of renewable energy sources to the grid is the way forward. However, it decreases the system inertia and hence Energy Storage Systems (ESS) have to be used to provide frequency response in the Power System, for maintaining the frequency within the specified range. In a smart city, Demand Response can be utilized along with conventional ESS to provide the desired frequency response effectively and at a lower cost. In this paper, Demand Response of household refrigerators, in the twin city of Bhubaneswar-Cuttack, is combined with Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS). This combination is utilized as ancillary services for the Power System and it helps in lowering carbon emissions by acting as a replacement for fossil fuel generator based spinning reserve capacity. Case studies were undertaken to validate the effectiveness of this method to provide the required grid frequency response. Also, the economic benefits of this method were estimated and a potential saving of R 97 cr is expected.