Improved Performance of $d_{31}$ -Mode Needle-Actuating Transducer With PMN-PT Piezocrystal

Prototypes of a PZT-based ultrasound needle-actuating device have shown the ability to reduce needle penetration force and enhance needle visibility with color Doppler imaging during needle insertion for tissue biopsy and regional anesthesia. However, the demand for smaller, lighter devices and the need for high performance transducers have motivated investigation of a different configuration of needle-actuation transducer, utilizing the d
₃₁
-mode of PZT4 piezoceramic, and exploration of further improvement in its performance using relaxor-type piezocrystal. This paper outlines the development of the d
₃₁
-mode needle actuation transducer design from simulation to fabrication and demonstration. Full characterization was performed on transducers for performance comparison. The performance of the proposed smaller, lighter d
₃₁
-mode transducer is comparable with that of previous d
₃₃
-mode transducers. Furthermore, it has been found to be much more efficient when using PMN-PT piezocrystal rather than piezoceramic.