An Electric Vehicle Routing Optimization Model With Hybrid Plug-In and Wireless Charging Systems

In order to address the inconvenience of having to stop to charge the battery of an electric vehicle, wireless on-road charging technology, also known as charge-while-driving, has garnered much attention in recent studies. However, wireless charging devices may have a higher charge cost than traditional plug-in charging devices. Therefore, a multi-objective route optimization model based on model predictive control is established in this paper to determine an optimal route for drivers to coordinate wireless and plug-in charging strategies. To reduce the complexity of the proposed model due to its bilinear terms, the Big-M approach is employed to exactly linearize the bilinear terms by introducing dummy variables and additional constraints, which leads to a mixed integer linear programming model that can be solved efficiently. Finally, two systems are tested, including a real-world road map in Xi’an city to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.