A 1280 by 720 by 3, 250 mW, 24 fps Hexachromatic Imager for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery

We have designed, fabricated, and tested a hexachromatic imager for near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery capable of simultaneously imaging three visible and near-infrared spectral channels. The sensor is comprised of 1280 by 720 pixels yielding a 48 dB signal-to-noise-ratio and achieving a minimum indocyanine green concentration detectability of 5 nM. The imaging sensor combines the vertically stacked photodiode technology and an array of pixelated spectral interference filters in a single-chip single-snapshot architecture yielding high sensitivity and clinical translation.