Behaviour-based distributed energy management for charging EVs in photovoltaic charging station

Behaviour-based distributed energy management for charging electric vehicles (EVs) in photovoltaic (PV) charging station (CS) has been introduced in this paper. Based on the provider or consumer of the power, CS and EVs are modeled as independent players with different preferences. The energy distribution problem is modeled as a noncooperative stackelberg game and the existence of equilibrium among players is proofed at each control instant. Update of Charging powers of EVs in a distributed fashion is implemented through utilising the learning-based consensus network. Static and dynamic analyses are shown in simulation. Moreover, different behaviours of the EVs' drivers to the discount on the power price offered by the station is also showed. All the previous results proof the effectiveness and workability of the proposed energy management.