Study of a Dual-Mode ${W}$ -Band Extended Interaction Oscillator

A W-band extended interaction oscillator (EIO) operating at two different types of 2π modes is presented. The modes and output characteristics were studied, and the circuit was optimized to ensure similar and efficient outputs of two standing-wave modes. For a cylindrical electron beam radius of 0.2 mm, voltage of 14 kV, and current of 0.5 A, particle-in-cell simulation predicts 616 W at 93.76 GHz for the 2π gap mode and 367 W at 94.22 GHz for the 2π cavity mode. In this paper, numerical simulations demonstrate the ability of the EIO circuit to be operated with two standing-wave modes in the millimeter-wave range.