Target monitoring using small-aperture compact high-frequency surface wave radar

High-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) can detect and continuously track vessels beyond the horizon in excess of 200 nautical miles from the array [1]-[3]. Moreover, multiple HFSWRs can be used, and their detection results can be fused to improve the detection performance of marine target [13]-[15]. Most current HFSWRs for ship surveillance are large phased-array systems. The antenna arrays of such systems are hundreds or even thousands of meters wide [4], [5], [15]. Some of those radar systems require large fixed seaside radar sites or large transmit power. For those reasons, large-array HFSWR has not been widely applied.