Improved localization method in a WSN by using frequency diversity and a channel model

In wildlife tracking the challenges for localization systems are the resource limitations e.g. weight, size and energy consumption. A very resource efficient localization system based on received signal strength (RSS) is presented. The effects of frequency diversity are used to improve the localization accuracy. Furthermore, two different localization methods based on the RSS are compared. A method based on RSS difference measurements with directional antennas for a direction of arrival (DoA) estimation and an enhanced method based on a path-loss model for combined DoA and range estimation. For both methods the localization results are discussed and the used models are presented. Finally, the measurement results of a field trial show the real localization accuracy improvements of the frequency diversity and the enhanced localization approaches.