Optimal Coordination of Water Distribution Energy Flexibility With Power Systems Operation

This paper proposes a model for optimizing the energy flexibility of water distribution systems (WDSs) in day-ahead power systems operation. The water distribution system operators (W-DSOs) are considered as energy-conscious entities, who run the proposed WDS operation model to optimize the operation of pumps and tanks for minimizing the operation cost of local WDSs, given the expected water demand and electricity prices of the next day. A WDS energy flexibility model is proposed that is used by W-DSOs in order to calculate and offer the feasible flexible energy capacity to the power system operator. The proposed WDS operation model takes into account the hydraulic operating constraints of water networks, thus ensuring deliverability of the WDS energy flexibility. Further, a network-constrained unit commitment model is proposed that integrates and optimizes the energy flexibility of WDSs in the day-ahead operation of power systems. The proposed model is implemented on a 15-node WDS that is powered by a 6-bus power system and the results are presented to study the impacts of optimized WDS energy flexibility on power and water systems operation.