Extended utilization of electric vehicles in electrical grid services

Massive deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) can cause high charging electricity demand significantly, resulting in high grid stress due to limited balancing capability of the power system. In contrast, controllable charging and discharging of EVs leads to the possibility of coordinated charging and, further, the potential of providing several grid services. These services include frequency regulation, congestion mitigation, load shifting/load leveling, peak shaving - valley filling, voltage control, and energy storage. The distributed EVs are potentially aggregated as a large-scale battery that can be controlled in which their charging and discharging behaviors are managed by the aggregator. However, several challenging factors such as EVs availability, EV usage pattern, charging infrastructures, and market/business cases are required to be defined clearly and solved. Thus, sustainable grid services by EVs can be achieved. To tackle those issues, a demonstrated project on the utilization of EVs in supporting electrical grid or energy management system has been conducted.