Characterization of Viscoelastic Materials Using Group Shear Wave Speeds

Recent investigations of viscoelastic properties of materials have been performed by observing shear wave propagation following localized, impulsive excitations, and Fourier decomposing the shear wave signal to parameterize the frequency-dependent phase velocity using a material model. This paper describes a new method to characterize viscoelastic materials using group shear wave speeds
$V_{\mathrm{ disp}}$
,
$V_{\mathrm{ vel}}$
, and
$V_{\mathrm{ acc}}$
determined from the shear wave displacement, velocity, and acceleration signals, respectively. Materials are modeled using a two-parameter linear attenuation model with phase velocity
$c_{200}$
and dispersion slope
$c^{\prime }_{200}$
at a reference frequency of 200 Hz. Analytically calculated lookup tables are used to determine the two material parameters from pairs of measured group shear wave speeds. Green’s function calculations are used to validate the analytic model. Results are reported for measurements in viscoelastic and approximately elastic phantoms and demonstrate good agreement with phase velocities measured using Fourier analysis of the measured shear wave signals. The calculated lookup tables are relatively insensitive to the excitation configuration. While many commercial shear wave elasticity imaging systems report group shear wave speeds as the measures of material stiffness, this paper demonstrates that differences
$\Delta V_{\mathrm{ vd} = V_{\mathrm{ vel}} - V_{\mathrm{ disp}}}$
,
$\Delta V_{\mathrm{ ad} = V_{\mathrm{ acc}} - V_{\mathrm{ disp}}}$
, and
$\Delta V_{\mathrm{ av} = V_{\mathrm{ acc}} - V_{\mathrm{ vel}}}$
of group speeds are first-order measures of the viscous properties of materials.