Implementation and performance evaluation of various multicast routing protocols in cognitive radio ad-hoc network: A performance review

Cognitive Radio (CR) Networks is one of the most powerful emerging areas of wireless networks and communications that provide high-speed and low-cost communications for the end users by incorporating the approved but vacant frequency bands speculatively. These networks exploit underutilized spectrum in dynamically changing environments, where non-licensed secondary users can `borrow' idle spectrum from the primary one's, who hold the license without causing harmful interference. Over the last decade, researchers proposed several multicast routing protocols for cognitive radio ad-hoc network (CRAHN) for effective multimedia communications such as multicast communication which is very much intend to the group communication that save network resources and bandwidth. In this paper, we would like to present the various multicasting routing protocols of cognitive based radio wireless ad-hoc networks (CR-WAN).