Energy efficient semi grid based clustering in heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network is a network of tiny senor nodes which are connected to base station (BS) in multi-hop fashion. Every sensor node has both computing and communication capabilities. These nodes are battery powered nodes. Mostly WSNs are set-up in unattended environment where recharging or replacing the batteries of sensor nodes is difficult. Hence, power conserving routing mechanisms are essential for WSNs. Clustering is one of the approach for saving the battery power and increasing the network lifetime. But selecting the cluster heads such that they can cover the whole network area and minimizes the energy loss during communication between the sensor node to the BS, is still a challenge. This article, proposes an Energy Efficient Semi Grid-Based Clustering Scheme (EESGBC) for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, which increases energy efficiency of the network through balanced clustering. In EESGBC, the cluster Heads selection and cluster creation is done by base station. It divides the whole area into various blocks and from every block, cluster heads are being selected depending upon the number of alive nodes present in that block. This method covers most of the network area and reduces the early death of cluster heads and increases the overall network lifetime. The performance of EESGBC is evaluated though simulation and it was observed that proposed protocol performed better than existing algorithms for battery power and network lifetime.