Robust image identification with secure features for JPEG images

A robust identification scheme for JPEG images is proposed in this paper. The aim is to robustly identify JPEG images generated from the same original image, under various compression conditions such as differences in compression ratios and initial quantization matrices. The proposed scheme does not in principle produce any false negative matches. Features without visual information are used to achieve not only a robust identification scheme but also secure one. Conventional schemes can produce false negative matches under certain compression conditions and require the use of a secret key for secure identification. The proposed scheme is well-suited for the uploading images to social network services and for image retrieval and forensics. Simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme outperformed conventional ones in terms of query performance, while maintaining reasonable security.