The method for solving the inverse problem of bistatic remote sensing of the sea surface with moving receiver and transmitter

The aim of this work is the development of the theoretical basis for the methods of bistatic remote sensing of the sea surface, taking into account the asymmetry of the antennas and carriers (transmitter and receiver) velocities. In this paper, analytical expressions for the spectral and energy characteristics of the quasi-specular component of the reflected radiation are presented. These formulas are suitable for practical application, without numerical calculation, and with their help, an analytical solution of the inverse problem is obtained to retrieve the parameters of the roughness of the water surface. As a result, final expressions are given for calculating the scattering cross section, the shift, and the width of the Doppler spectrum of radiation scattered by an anisotropic sea surface described by five statistical second-order moments. The obtained expressions imply in the general case the use of various asymmetric radiation patterns of the receiving and radiating antennas. An example of a measurement scheme is shown in which all unknown surface characteristics are analytically retrieved. The results are obtained for centimeter wavelengths of radiating and can be applied to both the acoustic and electromagnetic cases.