Two layered 2 × 1 Koch Curve patch array antenna with suspended air gap effect for wireless LAN applications

This paper proposed a two layered 2 × 1 Koch Curve patch array antenna design with suspended air gap technique for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application of 2.4 GHz resonant frequency. This proposed patch antenna is using two FR-4 substrate layers with dielectric constant, ε
_r
= 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tanΔ = 0.019. It is using the suspended air gap technique between two layers for enhancement effect of antenna gain from 4.89 dB to 5.18 dB. At the upper part of substrate, it consists a two feeding networks that connected the two patch of Koch Curve array patch. Beside antenna gain, this technique also improves the bandwidth and return loss of the antenna. It also contains a Koch Curve array structure at the patch part and have a full ground of copper at the back. This Koch Curve is design based on the basic equilateral triangle with three iteration steps. For the first iteration step, it be made up of the equilateral triangular shaped while the second iteration are added with mirror design of equilateral triangular to create a six segment of star-shaped. For the third iteration step, the equilateral triangle with the length base on previous iteration step is constructed on top of the side line of the base triangle. This third iteration step of the Koch Curve effect the reduction size of the patch antenna from 100 mm × 100mm to only 90mm × 60 mm. The return loss performance at resonant frequency 2.4 GHz is -32.735 dB.