Bilayer Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Electric Vehicle Parking Garage

The anticipated increase in electric vehicles (EVs) adoption necessitates the need for electrified transportation infrastructure to charge these vehicles. Although the EV parking garage can represent a good investment opportunity, it brings more challenges to the distribution system operator. Therefore, the allocation and sizing of the parking garage should be carefully planned. The planning process should take into consideration the economic aspects of the investor, as well as the technical aspects of the distribution system. In this paper, a bilayer Pareto multiobjective optimization problem is formulated to optimally allocate and size an EV parking garage. The optimization formulation tries to maximize the profits of the EV parking garage investor, as well as minimize the losses and voltage deviations for the distribution system operator. Dealing with these contradicting objectives simultaneously will results in a set of Pareto solutions. The results showed the different tradeoffs that might be induced while dealing with these contradictory objectives. A decision-making criterion based on statistics was used to decide on the optimal location and size of the parking garage. Sensitivity analysis to show the effect of the different objectives on the selection of the optimal size and location was also performed.