QoE-estimation models for video streaming services

As encoders and decoders (codecs), networks, and displays have become more technologically advanced, network and video-streaming-service providers have been able to provide video-streaming services over a network (e.g., fiber-to-the home and long-term evolution); therefore, the use of these services has been increasing drastically in the past decade. To maintain the high quality of experience (QoE) of these services, network and service providers need to invest in equipment (e.g., network devices, codecs, and servers). To increase return on investment, the QoE of these services needs to be appropriately designed with as little investment as possible, and its normality needs to be monitored while services are provided. In general, the QoE of these services degrades due to compression and network conditions (e.g., packet loss and delay). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a QoE-estimation model by taking into account the impact of compression and network on quality. This paper introduces subjective-quality-assessment methods and QoE-estimation models that assess user QoE in video-streaming services and standardization activities.