Impact of residual time distributions of spectrum holes on handoff rate in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive Radio Technology is an emerging technology in wireless community which can solve the problem of spectrum scarcity and inefficiency in spectrum usage via Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA). Cognitive radio requires to perform successful spectrum handoff to dynamically access the unutilized spectrum. In this paper, analytical formulae of probability mass function of spectrum handoff and handoff rate are derived for complete service of a cognitive user. This paper presents the impact of residual time distributions of spectrum holes on performance measuring metrics: probability mass function of spectrum handoff and handoff rate. To validate the analytical model, Monte-Carlo simulation is also performed to calculate probability mass function of spectrum handoff under the impact of departure rate of spectrum holes (λ) and cognitive users (μ).