On Short-Circuit Current Calculations Including Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (ScFCLs)

This paper introduces a novel modeling approach for short-circuit studies incorporating superconducting fault current limiters (ScFCLs). The conventional formulation for short circuit studies, based on symmetrical components, has been extended to include the nonlinear limiting features of the ScFCL. Indeed, this is a novel iterative modeling method that has been derived from the classical calculations of short circuits. The operating point of the ScFCL is computed in the abc reference frame, while the solution of the whole network, including all of its components, is achieved using symmetrical components. The ScFCL model, which includes various parallel-connected superconducting tapes, is derived for the positive, negative, and zero sequences. Given that the resistance of the ScFCL is nonlinear and depends on the current flow, an iterative process is used to carry out short-circuit calculations. To validate the proposed method, radial and meshed distribution networks were studied. The solutions derived from the proposed approach and the ones obtained from the electromagnetic transient software Alternative Transients Program-Electromagnetic Transients Program were compared with both solutions agreeing very well with each other. The standard IEEE 14-bus test system, slightly modified to include two ScFCLs, was additionally simulated to demonstrate the practicality of the new approach in larger networks.