Time-delay estimation via procrustes estimation and Khatri-Rao factorization for GNSS multipath mitigation

Safety-critical applications (SCA), such as autonomous driving, and liability critical applications (LCA), such as fisheries management, require a robust positioning system in demanding signal environments with coherent multipath. In this context, antenna array based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers with array signal processing schemes allow the spatial separation of line-of-sight (LOS) from multipath components. In this paper, we propose a Procrustes estimation and Khatri-Rao factorization (ProKRaft) filtering approach to separate the direction of arrival (DoA) and complex amplitude factor matrices, which are then used to filter the correlated code for each impinging component. Our scheme outperforms the Higher-Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) based eigenfilter approach, and the direction of arrival and Khatri-Rao (DoA/KRF) approaches, which are the state-of-the-art tensor based scheme for delay estimation.