Slanted electromagnetic wave propagation through atmospheric phase turbulence using altitude-dependent structure parameter

Electromagnetic propagation through MVKS-type turbulence is examined assuming a slanted path using the Hufnagel-Valley model for the structure parameter. The propagation path consists of turbulent (L
_T
) and non-turbulent (L
_D
) zones; using a split-step approach, the diffracted field characteristics for Gaussian-profile and Bessel beams are examined under varying turbulence strengths, and L
_T
/L
_D
ratios. Cross-correlation (CC) products are computed as performance measures relative to non-turbulent recovery.