Electrical Vehicles—Practical Solutions for Power Traction Motor Systems

This paper presents various solutions for the power traction motors of electrical vehicles. Equivalent designs to those commercially available on the roads are investigated. Potential simple modifications of the winding configurations and cooling system are studied: 1) flat wire (hairpin) winding versus stranded round wire in induction, synchronous permanent magnet, and wound field machine topologies, 2) winding material grades effect-copper versus aluminum, and 3) cooling systems-water jacket versus spray, fluid properties, and flow rate.