A real-time energy management strategy combining rule-based control and ECMS with optimization equivalent factor for HEVs

This paper introduces a real-time energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), called as RB-ECMS, which combines rule-based (RB) control and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Three working modes of the HEVs, motor/engine separately propelling the vehicle, and motor and engine jointly propelling the vehicle, is first divided by the rule-based control, and while operating the jointly propelling mode ECMS is playing an energy management optimization role. Moreover, the equivalent factor in ECMS is varying with the power demand and the battery state of charge (SOC) rather than a constant, which is obtained online from a 2-dimension mapping established offline by using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The effectiveness of the designed RB-ECMS are validated by the simulation result and the comparison with the existing strategies on the GT-suite virtual platform over several real driving cycles.