Type-Z0G1 controller using gradient descent of state vector for output tracking of time-invariant linear system

Compared with Zhang dynamics (ZD) method, gradient dynamics (GD) method, which is intrinsically feasible and efficient to solve time-invariant problems, could have a simpler hardware implementation. In this paper, different from conventional type-Z0G1 controller in Zhang-gradient (ZG) framework, which uses gradient descent of input vector, a type-Z0G1 controller using gradient descent of state vector is proposed as an attempt for output tracking of time-invariant linear (TIL) system. Firstly, we develop and investigate Z0G1 controllers based on different gradient descent methods. Then, numerical experiments illustrate that the type-Z0G1 controller using gradient descent of state vector can achieve output tracking control with high accuracy and rapid tracking rate.