Phase Fault Protection Scheme for Reliable Operation of Microgrids

In a microgrid, the overcurrent relays see significant variation in the short-circuit currents during transition between grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Further, with the disconnection of one or more distributed generators (DGs), the changes in the short-circuit currents are observed by the relays. As a consequence, the existing protection scheme may either delay the relay operation or fail to operate. This paper proposes an optimal and single protection scheme suitable for all operating modes of microgrid along with every type of phase faults in the system, i.e., three-phase symmetrical (3-φ), line-to-line, and double line-to-ground faults. The optimal setting of the directional overcurrent relays is obtained using a metaheuristic-based optimization algorithm. Moreover, the proposed scheme is validated using GE Multilin, model-750/760, overcurrent relay in ETAP (industrial simulation software) on the modified IEEE 9-bus 4-DG microgrid.