The MONDO Detector Prototype Development and Test: Steps Toward an SPAD-CMOS-Based Integrated Readout (SBAM Sensor)

The MOnitor for Neutron Dose in hadrOntherapy (MONDO) project addresses the technical challenges posed by a neutron tracker detector aiming for a high detection efficiency and a good backtracking precision. The project aims to develop a tracking device capable of fully reconstructing the four momentum of fast and ultrafast secondary neutrons produced, e.g., in particle therapy (PT) treatments or in other physical processes. The MONDO tracker uses, as active material, squared scintillating fibers readout by dedicated CMOS-based digital single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array sensors. The expected light output, when operating in neutron monitoring applications, was experimentally evaluated in order to optimize the design of the MONDO detector readout. A small detector prototype (4 × 4 × 4.8 cm) has been built and tested at a test beam facility. The detection capabilities have been measured using a traditional photomultiplier (PMT) and a particle beam of 450-MeV electrons crossing a single layer of fibers. The observed number of photoelectrons in this case is (7.2 ± 1.4). A detector prototype was also tested with an SPAD-based SBAM (SPAD-Based Acquisition readout for MONDO experiment) sensor (SPADnet-I) to study the tracking performances. SBAM is a novel sensor developed to match the need of high single-photon detection efficiency and high spatial resolution and compactness. The sensor expected performance is discussed in view of an operation tailored for PT applications. In this contribution, we also report the results of a simulation performed to optimize the full MONDO detector layout.