FDTD Modeling of Nonlinear Phenomena in Wave Transmission Through Graphene

A novel finite-difference time-domain modeling method is proposed to simulate the nonlinear electrodynamic responses of graphene at terahertz frequencies. The relation between currents in graphene and electromagnetic waves is governed by a J-E characteristic formula at the frequencies where the conductivity of graphene exhibits resonant behavior. Simulation results demonstrate nonlinear phenomena in wave transmission through graphene including odd-harmonic generation and frequency-mixing effect. The proposed modeling method can be used as a fullwave solution to the design of nonlinear graphene-based structures.