Deep recurrent Q-learning of behavioral intervention delivery by a robot from demonstration data

We present a learning from demonstration (LfD) framework that uses a deep recurrent Q-network (DRQN) to learn how to deliver a behavioral intervention (BI) from demonstrations performed by a human. The trained DRQN enables a robot to deliver a similar BI in an autonomous manner. BIs are highly structured procedures wherein children with developmental delays/disorders (e.g. autism, ADHD, etc.) are trained to perform new behaviors and life-skills. Mounting anecdotal evidence from human-robot interaction (HRI) research has shown that BI benefits from the use of robots as a delivery tool. Most of the HRI research on robot-based intervention relies on tele-operated robots. However, the need for autonomy has become increasingly evident, especially when it comes to the real-world deployment of these systems. The few studies that have used autonomy in robot-based BI relied on hand-picked features of the environment in order to trigger correct robot actions. Additionally, none of these automated architectures attempted to learn the BI from human demonstrations, though this appears to be the most natural way of learning. This paper represents the first attempt to design a robot that uses LfD to learn BI. We generate a model then correctly predict appropriate actions with greater than 80% accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to employ DRQN within an LfD framework to learn high level reasoning embedded in human actions and behaviors simply from observations.