An integrated optoelectronic oscillator

An integrated optoelectronic Oscillator (IOEO) which combines the integrated technologies of photonics and electronics has been developed. All of the necessary elements (for example, laser, photo-detector, electrical amplifier, electrical filter, etc.) have been assembled on a print circuit board (PCB) within size of 5*6 cm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to integrate both the optical part and electrical part on a single substrate. Finally, a stable microwave signal with the frequency of 7.3 GHz is obtained. The center oscillation frequency can be slightly tuned in 20 MHz bandwidth by strictly tuning the injection current. The phase noise is around - 91dBc/Hz at 1MHz.